Patta Pattadar https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Glossary_of_Judicial_and_Revenue_Terms/lx1pAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1
MOre Patta https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Land_and_Law_in_Mughal_India/0HzUDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=patta+means+lease+title+persian&pg=PA134&printsec=frontcover
Parpatigara and Shanbogue – https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Agricultural_Statistics_of_India_for_the/B22yhpDEUYoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=coorg+headmen+madras&pg=PA6&printsec=frontcover
Also in Hukkumnama of Lingarajendra wodeyar.
Jamma Land was chiefy owned by Kodavas, In 1870 Richter gave the calculation that states that 70% of the Jamma land in Kodagu(Coorg) was owned by Kodavas(Coorgs), the remaining 17% percent was owned by Gowdas. According to Saki they are most probably Arebhashe Gowdas, who he calls Are-Gowdas. The rest of Jamma land was with other communities such as Amma Kodavas, Airis, Koyavas, Jamma Mapillas, Gowdas, etc. (Kamath, 1990).
I agree generally with the Commissioner’s remarks contained in paragraph 10 of this report. I confess that I am not hopeful that it will be possible to adopt immediately any remedial measures for removing the burden of indebtedness. The necessary reform should, moreover, originate amongst the Coorgs themselves. Their country has been pauperized by the introduction of such a ready means of becoming rich as presented itself some years ago in the cultivation of coffee, with the higher style of living which unfortunately resulted, and especially the facility for extensive borrowing which it afforded. It is now extremely difficult to obtain advances on coffee estates, and the Coorgs have nothing else to offer as security; if they mortgage their sagu rice lands (Jama lands being inalienable) they cannot live.
I carefully examined the very serious question of local indebtedness at my last visit to Coorg in February of this year, but was enabled to arrive at no satisfactory conclusion. The matter seems to be as yet hardly ripe for Government intervention nor is the situation so desperate as to call for extraordinary measures. There are, I believe, some signs that the Coorg character is slowly undergoing change in a recognition of the necessity for thrifty living and the abandonment of the foolish pride which has operated to prevent the people taking service, whilst it tolerated dissipation and laziness.
Bangalore, Dated 6th December 1899. Lt. Col DONALD ROBERTSON, Chief Commissioner of Coorg. Report on the Administration of Coorg, 1898-99, P.3
Jamma Tenure: Jamma system constituted the most important land tenure of Kodagu. According to the settlement report of the year 1910, the total extent under Jamma tenure with its accompanying bane land amounted to 40,088 acres of wet land. These lands had accrued to the holders on account of the military and other services they were called upon to perform during the administration of the Rajas. The British also continued this system upto the year 1895. The privileges of the Jamma ryots are being continued to this day. A detailed note on Jamma tenure is given separately. Jamma holders who had freed themselves from the obligation of service to the palace had to pay double the revenue, and their holdings were called sagu. Karnataka district gazetteer : Kodagu District (Coorg) : Suryanath U Kamath, 1999, P. 516
Jamma was taxed at 5%, P.83
After 1893, my sold their Jamma lands illegally. as the Rice rate fell down. Page 93.
Page 162, Koruvakara.
The various land tenures in Kodagu had been brought under the Kodagu Land and Revenue Regulation of 1899 and later under the Mysore Land Revenue Act, 1966. However, the former tenures and privileges attached to them were safeguarded under section 202 of the new Act.
According to the Karnataka’s Inam Abolition Act, 1977, tenures like Jamma, Jahagi, umbali, jodi, bhatta, manyam and inam were also stood abolished. Thereupon the cultivators of such lands made applications for grant of occupancy rights before the Land Tribunals. The Government directed that the rights in respect of the Jamma and bane lands in Kodagu previous to the Unification, should continue to be regulated under the rules then in force, and thereafter, according to the reforms rules issued from time to time. Section 79(2) of the Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1964, had laid down that the privileges in respect of such lands should continue to be regulated according to the general and extraordinary orders that may be issued by Government from time to time. Later, these new rules came to be withdrawn as they were not in order.
Government decided that the existing privileges in respect of Kumri and such other lands may continue but that no patta rights are to be granted until new rules are framed. Page 529.
With the Coorgs property chiefly consists of the ancestral house and the land belonging to it, which under the Rajas was held on feudal tenure and on a light assessment, termed Jamma-bhumi or birthright land, because it was unalienably vested in the family or house and the British Government confirmed it in the settlement. Additional land was taken up by them on the normal sagu tenure, but in the course of time Government allowed to some extent such sagu land to be converted into jamma land. Other land they held as Jagir and some land was granted for certain Government service as Umbli and on a light assessment. During the last 30 years many houses have opened out coffee plantations on their own or Government lands or rented cardamom jungles. Thus the actual wealth of Coorgs consists of landed property, and their prosperity depends on their exertions and means of cultivation, but imprudent enterprises and unexpected reverses have caused much embarrassment.
In former years all the members of a Coorg house lived together in the ancestral home or on some out-farm, Koppa, neither of which could be legally alienated or subdivided amongst the members of the family; they all worked the fields of the farm together in the general interest under the management of the Yejamana or Korakara and had their subsistence on the proceeds. Any surplus at the annual reckoning became the property of the house for providing incidental expenditure on the occasion of marriages, funerals and other ceremonies; also for the purchase of new land in the interest of the house. If, however, any individual member, Kikkara, by being a salaried Government officer, or by coming into possession of money through marriage was enabled to enter upon private speculation without any aid from the ancestral funds, any profits or acquirements thus made became his private property and were left at his own disposal by gift or will.
Many young men have thus separated from the ancestral house and established a new homestead, and as long as they contributed to the expenses of the former, they maintained their share in the proceeds. This is a legitimate way of founding new houses. There is, however, at present a tendency amongst some restless spirits to break up the undivided ancestral houses by a division of the landed property amongst the members, a project which the Government in the interest of the Coorgs themselves hitherto strenuously resisted, but which in the embarrassed state of many forces itself again and again on the attention of Government for final solution, and may the Coorgs not have to regret a movement in which alien creditors and brief-less lawyers seem to have the greatest interest. Ethno https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dOA-AAAAYAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=purchase%20jamma%20land&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=purchase%20jamma%20land&f=false
Page 102 – The term “Pattedara” or holder of a Patte, or land designated by a Revenue Survey Number to signify the head of an “Okka” seems to be either a British administrative legacy or at best from the time of Lingaraja-II (1811–1820) when he initiated the first. Kongettira Chinappa Origins of Coorgs
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