To put into perspective to get the desired result CPA, requires collective action from it’s members. Nostalgically, reminiscing the past to the present.
Jamma land was originally granted by Coorg Rajas and later the British for military service, often with half the normal assessment. It included both wetland for paddy and adjoining “Bane” land for grazing, which later became coffee estates. The original intent was for it to be collectively held by the clan, managed by the “Pattedara” (clan head), and largely inalienable. This unique history has created a distinct legal status.
For a long time, Jamma Bane landholders were considered to have limited privileges (grazing, firewood, timber for domestic use) but not full proprietary rights, especially over the standing trees or sub-soil. This has hindered their ability to use the land as collateral for loans or fully benefit from its commercial potential.
A major problem has been the inability of Jamma Bane landholders to obtain RTCs, which are crucial for securing bank loans and availing government schemes. This has left many farmers in a precarious position, especially now with the recent RBI rules.
Various amendments to the Karnataka Land Revenue Act, particularly the 2011 amendment, have attempted to address these issues. However, these amendments have also sparked legal challenges, with concerns about their impact on traditional joint family systems, the potential for widespread sale of Jamma lands to outsiders, and the ecological consequences of such changes. (Thanks, to home bred environmental activists)Instead of finding solutions they have confused & compounded to the problem.
Many Jamma holders and local communities fear that lifting the restrictions on sale could lead to the alienation of their ancestral lands to outsiders, potentially disrupting their customs, traditions, and the unique cultural fabric of Kodagu, including the ‘Aian manes’ (ancestral houses). There are also significant environmental concerns about deforestation and increased human habitation in the ecologically sensitive of Kodagu on the Western Ghats.
There’s a perception of failure on the part of the government and its representatives to provide a definitive and equitable solution that balances historical rights, modern economic needs, and environmental protection. There have been instances where land has been declared government or forest land, further complicating matters.
The Coorg Planters’ Association, established in 1879, is indeed representing plantation crops and growers in Kodagu. Historically, the CPA has been involved in advocating for the rights and interests of planters, including issues related to bane lands and Jamma lands. Their historical records show they have advocated for concessions and relaxation of rules regarding alienation of Jamma lands, this is evident from the annals of CPA. We, have all the letters and records to prove this, if one so wishes.
Given CPA’s long-standing presence, influence within the planting community, and experience in engaging with government bodies, the CPA is well-positioned to consolidate the concerns of Jamma landholders and present a unified voice to the government.
CPA can push for clear, favourable, and sustainable policies regarding Jamma land. This could involve ensuring proper surveys, expediting RTC issuance, and protecting the rights of existing landholders while considering the cultural and ecological sensitivities of the region.
Working with legal experts, they can help clarify the implications of existing and proposed legislation and pursue legal avenues if necessary.
CPA has always played crucial role in educating Jamma landholders about their rights and the ongoing developments, encouraging their active participation in discussions and decision-making processes.
Our, plea for all Jamma holders is to be active and participate, which is crucial. Collective action is often the most effective way to address deeply entrenched issues. This could involve,becoming members and actively participating in CPA meetings and initiatives.
Organizing at the village or clan level to discuss issues and present unified demands.
Directly communicating concerns and proposed solutions to elected officials.
Jamma land and other issue is complex and is ingrained with history, tradition, law, and economics. A lasting solution will require sustained effort, strong advocacy, and a collaborative approach involving Jamma holders, representative bodies like the CPA, and responsive governance by and for the people.
By: Nanda Belliappa
Chairman, Coorg Planters Association (CPA)
